Nondetonating engine



April 13, 1937. v. F. ZAHODIAKIN 2,077,035

NONDETONATING ENGINE Filed March 15, 1956 Patented Apr. 13, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,077,085 NONDETONATING ENGINE Victor F. Zahodiakin, New York, N. Y.

Application March 13, 1936, Serial No. 68,751

,6 Claims.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines and is particularly directed to improvements in the construction of the cylinder head for the purpose of eliminating detonation. The invention is of primary value in connection with the L-head type of internal combustion engine. In the L-head design, detonation occurs to a much greater extent and therefore presents a much greater 'problem than in that type of engine 33 having overhead valves, known as the valve in head type. This is true for the reason that the flame in the L-head type travels a greater distance, the spark plug or point of ignition being located at a point offset from the cylinder.

In the L-head type of engine, combustion starts at the spark plug and moves across the combustion chamber until all of the mixture is burned. As the flame front moves across the combustion chamber, the pressure of the unburned portion of the mixture increases which, of course, raises the temperature. At the same time radiation from the burning mixture heats up the unburned portion. Obviously, if the temperature of the unburned portion of the mixture rises high enough, an explosion occurs, that is, the unburned mixture will explode instead of burning in an orderly fashion. This self-ignition creates a knock or results in the defect of detonation wit which this invention is concerned.

been done in attempts to eliminate detonation by varying the design and shape of the combustion chamber. However, it has been found in all cases that, regardless of the shape of the combustion a certain degree detonation occurred.

It is therefore an object of this invention to provide an improved cylinder head which includes structure eliminating detonation, and therefore all of its attendant disadvantages such as excess vibration, rapid destruction of the engine, and power losses. 7

It is a further object of this invention to provide heat dissipating means as an integral part of the cylinder head which means is included in the water chamber thereof and to which convenlent access is provided for cleaning by sand blasting and for removal of the sand and grindings.

The present concept resides in the determination that heat dissipation must take place with increasing rapidity the further the flame proceeds from the point of ignition. Thatis to say, as the pressure of the unburned mixture tends to increase, and therefore, its tendency to explode or preignite increases, there should be facilities Considerable experimentation and work base properties of the.combustion chamber increase chamber, when the ratio of compression reached.

evenly as the flame wall travels. Even burning of the fuel is of vital importance in the elimination of detonation. Higher compression ratios are then possible with the results of greater power output and noticeable economy for the given displacement.

Other objects and certain advantages will be more fully apparent from a description of the accompanying drawing in which Figure 1 is a transverse sectional view taken through an internal combustion engine of the L-head type incorporating the present invention,

the section being taken through a cylinder thereof.

Figure 2 is a fragmentary top plan view of the engine further illustrating the invention.

Referring to the drawing, the engine block is indicated at 5 and the cylinder head at 6. A cylinder of the cylinder block is. indicated at I, and includes the usual piston 8. Inasmuch as the present invention is entirely concerned with the problems arising from. inefiicient combustion or improper burning of the fuel mixture, introduced to the cylinder, only the intake passageway and A valve ll controls the admission of the fuel mixture to the cylinder. This valve is reciprocably mounted in the cylinder block and has its head, engaging a seat 12 formed in the block by countersinking the upper end of the intake passageway.- Substantially above the valve II will be found a spark plug is disposed in the head 6 n the usual manner with its points located in the combustion chamber In of the cylinder head. A substantial chamber is provided in the cylinder head at that portion between the spark plug and the valve. From this point towards the opposite wall M of the cylinder, the wall I5 of the cylinder head, i. e. top of combustion chamber, slopes whereby it intersects the plane of the abutting surfaces 5- of the cylinder head and block at a point immediately adjacent to the opposite wall of the combustion chamber includes an arrangement of heat dissipating fins or ribs l1 projecting into the water chamber thereof.

The upper wall l8 of the cylinder head has a large circular clean-out opening l9 therein, for each cylinder, coaxially disposed with relation to the respective cylinders. These openings are pro-'-' vided for the purpose of permitting access to the interior of the water chamber and the dissipating 10 ribs or fins. Inasmuch as these ribs are formed by casting, they are cleaned by sand-blasting.

This is accomplished through the openings I9,

and thereafter by virtue of such openings it is possible to remove the sand and ground oif particles. These openings are closed by means of disks seated in the countersunk portions 2| of the openings 19. Initially, as shown, the disks are concave, fitting snugly in the countersunk portions 2 I. After the casting cleaning operation 20 these disks are placed in position, and secured permanently by applying pressure to their centers, pressing the central portions thereof into the planes of the outer edges. This operation swages the disks in position.

Again referring to the heat dissipating ribs or fins, it will be noted that these fins I1 uniformly increase in height. Their respective heights increase as their distances from the point of ignition increases. The arrangement of fins or ribs is facilitated because of their formation on the sloping top wall l5 of the combustion chamber. Since they rise from this sloping surface, which surface is at an inclination with respect to the horizontal top wall of the cylinder head, it is possible to cast them so that their tops are in the same horizontal plane, and equally spaced from the top wall l8 of the cylinder head bringing about the uniform increase in height heretofore described.

Through the arrangement of ribs outlined, it will be apparent that the heat dissipating area of the top wall l5 of the combustion chamber increases constantly, the more removed it is from the point of ignition so that the greatest heat dissipating surface is provided above that portion of the combustion chamber in which the fuel is last ignited.

Referring to Figure 1, a series of lines emanating from the point of ignition are indicated at 22. These are indicated to mark the progress of the flame wall. The letter A indicates that po'rtion of the combustion chamber in which the fuel mixture is last to burn. Now, as the flame wall progresses across from the point of ignition and over the piston, the temperature of the unburned portion as contained at A increases with the resulting tendency to preignite or explode. However, this tendency to cause temperature rise is evenly counteracted by the ability of the top wall of the combustion chamber to dissipate the generated heat.

It is emphasized that there is perfect proportion between the two forces at all times, that is the tendency towards temperature rise and heat dissipation. The ability of the cylinder head to dissipate the heat generated in the combustion chamher is directly proportionateto the tendency towards temperature rise, that is to say, an absolute balance is brought about whereby the temperature of burning at point A is exactly the same as that at the point of ignition.

In Figure 2 the plan arrangement of the ribs or fins is illustrated for a series of cylinders. It is preferable that these ribs extend longitudinally of the cylinder head in order that they may not interfere with the circulation of water. Also it will be noted that their function of heat dissipation would be just as efficient if they were disposed transversely of the cylinder head provided the gradual increase in heat dissipating area is maintained. In this view the exhaust valves are indicated by dotted lines as at 23.

Having described my invention I claim:

1. A head for the cylinder block of an internal combustion engine, said cylinder block including gas inlet and outlet passageways and cylinders opening to the top of the block, said head being of hollow form to provide a water jacket and including recesses in its underside providing combustion chambers when disposed on said block over said passageways and cylinders, said combustion chambers having smooth uninterrupted internal surfaces and series of ribs formed on the surfaces of the combustion chambers within the water jacket, each of said ribs being of increased area as it is more distant from the gas inlet side of the particular combustion chamber.

2. A head for the cylinder block of an internal combustion engine, said head being of hollow form to provide a water jacket and including a recess in its underside providing a combustion chamber when disposed on said block, the wall of said recess providing a smooth uninterrupted surface, and a series of ribs formed on the surface, opposite to the smooth surface, within the water jacket above and across the cylinder, said ribs being of progressively increased area as they are nearer to the cylinder, said ribs disposed crosswise with respect to the flow of gas to the cylinder.

3. A head for the cylinder block of an internal combustion engine, said cylinder block including gas inlet and outlet passageways and cylinders, said head being of hollow form to provide a water jacket and including recesses in its underside providing combustion chambers when disposed on said block, each recess overlying an inlet and an outlet passageway and a cylinder, said chambers providing smooth uninterrupted internal surfaces, and a series of ribs formed on the sides of the combustion chamber walls within the water jacket, each of said ribs being of increased area as it is more distant from the inlet side of the particular combustion chamber, said ribs disposed longitudinally within the head.

4. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder block, a head therefor, said block including a fuel inlet passageway and a cylinder, said head including a combustion chamber one end of which communicates with said inlet passageway and the other end of which communicates with said cylinder, said cylinder head being of hollow form to provide a water jacket, an ignition device mounted in said head in the combustion chamber adjacent the inlet passageway, said cylinder head incorporating a. series of heat dissipating ribs formed integrally with the wall of the head constituting the top of the combustion chamber and projecting within the water jacket, said ribs disposed crosswise above the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber inner surface being smooth and uninterrupted, and each of said ribs being of greater 5. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder liqimw in said head in the combustion chamber adjacent the inlet passageway, said cylinder head incorporating a series of heat dissipating ribs formed integrally with the wall of the head constituting the top of the combustion chamber and projecting within the water; jacket,.the combustion chamber inner surface bein gs'mooth-and uninterrupted, and said ribs increasing in area as they are more distant from the ignition device.

6. Inan internal combustion engine acylinder 15 chambersand said cylinders to the other ends,

said cylinder head of hollow construction providing a water jacket, ignition devices mounted in said head in the combustion chambers adjacent the inlet passageways thereof, said cylinder head incorporating series of heat dissipating ribs formed integrally with the walls of the head constituting the tops of the combustion chambers and projecting within the water jacket, said ribs disposed crosswise with respect to the flow of fuel in the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber inner wall surfaces being, smooth and uninterrupted, said'ribs increasing in area as they are more distant from the ignition device in each instance, each of said series extending over the particular cylinder to the side thereof most removed from the particular ignition device.

VICTOR F. ZAHODIAKIN. 

